Solute Clearance from the Cochlear Fluids

We really need clearance estimates for more substances!

Measured Endolymph Entry / Clearance Rates

Half-time
(mins)

Solute

Animal Species

Source

Comment
---------------- ---------------- ------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------
580 mins Arsenic hexafluoride
AsF6		 Guinea pig Salt & DeMott (1994) Hear Res 74, 165 Clearance following
AsF6 elevation of endolymph
*note AsF6 is an anion
7.15 mins Ca Guinea pig Salt and Gill, unpublished Clearance following
Ca elevation of endolymph
69.3 mins Cl Guinea pig Konishi & Hamrick (1978) Radiotracer entry,
no Cl elevation
55.1 mins K Guinea pig Konishi et al., (1978),
Acta Otolaryngol., 86, 22		 Radiotracer entry,
no K elevation
32.6 mins Na Guinea pig Konishi et al., (1978),
Acta Otolaryngol., 86, 22		 Radiotracer entry,
No Na elevation
23 mins tetraethyl-
ammonium (TEA)		 Guinea pig Salt & Thalmann (1989),
Meniere's Disease,
Ed: Nadol J.B., Kugler, p 72		 Clearance following
TEA elevation of endolymph
29 mins tetramethyl-
ammonium (TMA)		 Guinea pig Salt & Thalmann (1989),
Meniere's Disease,
Ed: Nadol J.B., Kugler, p 72		 Clearance following
TMA elevation of endolymph
25 mins tetramethyl-
ammonium (TMA)		 Guinea pig Salt & DeMott (1992),
Eur. Arch Otolaryngol
249, 157		 Clearance following
TMA elevation of endolymph

Measured Scala Tympani Entry / Clearance Rates

Half-time
(mins)

Solute

Animal Species

Source

Comment
---------------- ---------------- ------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------
5.9 min K Guinea pig Salt & Stopp (1979)
Acta Otolaryngol 88,198		 Clearance following K elevation
directed to endolymph, blood and SV.
7.2 min K Guinea pig Salt & Ohyama (1993)
Annals oto Rhino Laryngol
102, 64		 Clearance following K elevation
directed to endolymph, blood and SV.
37 - 71 min K Guinea pig Salt & Ohyama (1993)
Annals oto Rhino Laryngol
102, 64		 Estimated clearance to vasculature
following K elevation
55 min trimethylphenyl-
ammonium (TMPA)		 Guinea pig Salt et al. (1991),
Acta Otolaryngol 111,899		 Clearance following TMPA elevation
directed to blood and SV.
21- 30 min Trimethylphenyl-
ammonium (TMPA)		 Guinea pig Salt et al.(1991) Hear Res 56, 29 Clearance to blood
50 mins - turn III
60 - 70 mins - turn I		 Trimethylphenyl-
ammonium (TMPA)		 Guinea pig Salt et al.(1991) Hear Res 56, 37

Measured Scala Vestibuli Entry / Clearance Rates

Half-time
(mins)

Solute

Animal Species

Source

Comment
---------------- ---------------- ------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------
100 - 130 min Trimethylphenyl-
ammonium (TMPA)		 Guinea pig Salt et al.(1991) Hear Res 56, 29 Clearance to blood
Turn III
43-155 mins - turn III
80 mins - turn I		 Trimethylphenyl-
ammonium (TMPA)		 Guinea pig Salt et al.(1991) Hear Res 56, 37

Measured Scala Tympani - Scala Vestibuli Communication Rates

Half-time
(mins)

Solute

Animal Species

Source

Comment
---------------- ---------------- ------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------
8 - 25 min Trimethylphenyl-
ammonium (TMPA)		 Guinea pig Salt et al.(1991) Hear Res 56, 29 Half-time in ST III
24 - 26 min Trimethylphenyl-
ammonium (TMPA)		 Guinea pig Salt et al.(1991) Hear Res 56, 37 Half-time in ST III
*Actual OR normalized to 0.1 mm2 CSA
300 min actual
16 - 22 min normalized to 0.1 mm2 CSA		 Trimethylphenyl-
ammonium (TMPA)		 Guinea pig Salt et al.(1991) Hear Res 56, 37 Half-time in ST I